Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients

CAS#	Chemical Name	Percent	EINECS/ELINCS
91-20-3	Naphthalene	>98	202-049-5

Section 3 - Hazards Identification

Appearance: white solid. Flash Point: 78 deg C.
Warning! Flammable solid. Harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. May cause blood abnormalities. Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).
Target Organs: Blood, respiratory system, eyes, skin.


Potential Health Effects
Eye: Naphthalene is an eye irritant. The vapor causes eye irritation at 15 ppm. Eye contact with the solid material may result in conjunctivitis, superficial injury to the cornea, diminished visual acuity, and other effects. It may cause cataracts.
Skin: Causes mild skin irritation. May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Incidence of skin hypersensitivity is not widespread in the general population &, based on the long history of use of naphthalene as a consumer product, this effect is mostly confined to industrial exposure where coal tar contamination may be present.
Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause methemoglobinemia, cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood), convulsions, and death. May cause severe digestive tract irritation with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Ingestion of large quantities may cause severe hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria.
Inhalation: Harmful if inhaled. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Readily absorbed when inhaled. Material volatilizes at room temperature. Hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells) is the primary health concern for humans exposed to naphthalene for either short or long periods of time. Other effects may include nausea, profuse perspiration, vomiting, kidney damage and liver damage. Optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve) has been observed. Cataracts have also occurred.
Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause anemia and other blood cell abnormalities. Animal studies have reported that fetal effects/abnormalities may occur when maternal toxicity is seen. Effects may be delayed. Chronic exposure may cause lung damage. Laboratory experiments have resulted in mutagenic effects. Chronic exposure may cause corneal injury, optical neuritis, blurred vision, and possible cataract formation. Chronic inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion of naphthalene have caused severe hemolytic anemia.

Section 4 - First Aid Measures

Eyes: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for a t least 15 minutes. Get medical aid.
Skin: In case of contact, flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops and persists. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid.
Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician: Individuals with a glucose-6-phosphate dehyrogenase deficiency are hypersensitive to the effects of naphthalene.

Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Water runoff can cause environmental damage. Dike and collect water used to fight fire. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Flammable solid. Dusts may be an explosion hazard if mixed with air at critical proportions and in the presence of an ignition source. Volatile solid that gives off flammable vapors when heated.
Extinguishing Media: Water or foam may cause frothing. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam.
Flash Point: 78 deg C ( 172.40 deg F)
Autoignition Temperature: 526 deg C ( 978.80 deg F)
Explosion Limits, Lower:0.90 vol %
Upper: 5.90 vol %
NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 2; Flammability: 2; Instability: 0

Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures

General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks: Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Scoop up with a nonsparking tool, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Remove all sources of ignition. Provide ventilation. Do not let this chemical enter the environment.

Section 7 - Handling and Storage

Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid breathing dust, mist, or vapor. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Use only with adequate ventilation.
Storage: Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Storage under a nitrogen blanket has been recommended. Store protected from moisture. Separate from oxidizing materials.

Section 8 - Exposure Controls, Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof ventilation equipment. Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits.
Exposure Limits

Chemical Name	ACGIH	NIOSH	OSHA - Final PELs
Naphthalene	10 ppm TWA; 15 ppm STEL; Skin - potential significant contribution to overall exposure by the cutaneous r oute	10 ppm TWA; 50 mg/m3 TWA 250 ppm IDLH	10 ppm TWA; 50 mg/m3 TWA

OSHA Vacated PELs: Naphthalene: 10 ppm TWA; 50 mg/m3 TWA
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

Section 9 - Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State: Solid
Appearance: white
Odor: mothball-like
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm Hg @ 20 deg C
Vapor Density: 4.4 (air=1)
Evaporation Rate:<1.0 (butyl acetate=1)
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 218 deg C
Freezing/Melting Point:79 - 82 deg C
Decomposition Temperature:540 deg C
Solubility: Insoluble.
Specific Gravity/Density:0.9900g/cm3
Molecular Formula:C10H8
Molecular Weight:128.17

Section 10 - Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.
Conditions to Avoid: Ignition sources, dust generation, moisture, excess heat, exposure to moist air or water, steam.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Strong oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

Section 11 - Toxicological Information

RTECS#:      
CAS# 91-20-3: QJ0525000
LD50/LC50:
CAS# 91-20-3:
     Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 mg Mild;
     Inhalation, rat: LC50 = >340 mg/m3/1H;
     Oral, mouse: LD50 = 316 mg/kg;
     Oral, rat: LD50 = 490 mg/kg;
     Skin, rabbit: LD50 = >20 gm/kg;
     Skin, rat: LD50 = >2500 mg/kg;
.

Carcinogenicity:
CAS# 91-20-3:

• ACGIH: Not listed.
  
• California: carcinogen, initial date 4/19/02
  
• NTP: Suspect carcinogen
  
• IARC: Group 2B carcinogen