Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients

CAS#	Chemical Name	Percent	EINECS/ELINCS
71-55-6	1,1,1-Trichloroethane	>96	200-756-3
123-91-1	1,4-Dioxane	2.5	204-661-8
106-88-7	1,2-Butylene oxide	0.47	203-438-2
75-52-5	Nitromethane	0.34	200-876-6

Section 3 - Hazards Identification

Appearance: colorless liquid.
Warning! Causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if inhaled. May cause central nervous system depression. This is a CFC substance which destroys ozone in the upper atmosphere. Destruction of the ozone layer can lead to increased ultraviolet radiation which, with excess exposure to sunlight, can lead to an increase in skin cancer and eye cataracts.
Target Organs: Central nervous system, respiratory system, eyes, skin.


Potential Health Effects
Eye: Causes mild eye irritation. Vapors may cause eye irritation.
Skin: Causes skin irritation. Prolonged or repeated contact may dry/defat the skin and cause irritation. 1,4-Dioxane may cause an allergic skin reaction, and absorption of this substance may cause systemic toxicty. Methyl chloroform is an acknowledged skin irritant in guinea pigs, where a single topical application of 1 ml or repeated contact over 3 days causes edema, erythema, inflammation, and cellular degeneration. There is one case report of allergic contact dermatitis in a worker exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. It is not possible to draw any conclusions from this single report.
Ingestion: Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Low hazard for usual industrial handling. Although there are no case reports of aspiration, it was induced in rats in one study. In addition, based on its physical properties (viscosity and surface tension), it seems likely that 1,1,1-trichloroethane can be aspirated.
Inhalation: Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. May cause narcotic effects in high concentration. Causes irritation of the mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Numerous deaths due to depression of CNS control of respiration and fatal cardiac arrhythmia have been reported from methyl chloroform inhalation (accidental or intentional) in poorly ventilated rooms, pits, tanks, and other small areas (Documentation of the TLV). Cases of intentional abuse of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in substances such as typewriter correction fluid for euphoric symptoms have been documented.
Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause defatting and dermatitis. Exposure to high concentrations may cause central nervous system depression. Studies with solvent abusers have established that severe cardiac arrhythmias may result from cardiac sensitization, where the heart has an increased response to circulating epinephrine. In these cases, exposures by far exceeded occupational relevant levels. Liver effects have been observed in some animal studies at high

Section 4 - First Aid Measures

Eyes: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for a t least 15 minutes. Get medical aid.
Skin: In case of contact, flush skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops and persists. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion: Potential for aspiration if swallowed. Get medical aid immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If vomiting occurs naturally, have victim lean forward.
Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid.
Notes to Physician: Alcoholic beverage consumption may enhance the toxic effects of this substance.

Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Substance is nonflammable. Vapors may accumulate in confined spaces Methyl chloroform burns only in excess oxygen or in air if a strong source of ignition is present. No flash point in conventional closed tester; however, vapors in containers can explode if subjected to high energy source.
Extinguishing Media: Use extinguishing media most appropriate for the surrounding fire.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Autoignition Temperature: 500 deg C ( 932.00 deg F)
Explosion Limits, Lower:7.0 vol %
Upper: 16 vol %
NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 2; Flammability: 1; Instability: 0

Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures

General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks: Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Provide ventilation. Approach spill from upwind.

Section 7 - Handling and Storage

Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid breathing vapor.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Do not store in aluminum containers.

Section 8 - Exposure Controls, Personal Protection

Engineering Controls: Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits.
Exposure Limits

Chemical Name	ACGIH	NIOSH	OSHA - Final PELs
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	350 ppm TWA; 450 ppm STEL	700 ppm IDLH	350 ppm TWA; 1900 mg/m3 TWA
1,4-Dioxane	20 ppm TWA; Skin - potential significant contribution to overall exposure by the cutaneous r oute	500 ppm IDLH	100 ppm TWA; 360 mg/m3 TWA
1,2-Butylene oxide	none listed	none listed	none listed
Nitromethane	20 ppm TWA	750 ppm IDLH	100 ppm TWA; 250 mg/m3 TWA

OSHA Vacated PELs: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane: 350 ppm TWA; 1900 mg/m3 TWA 1,4-Dioxane: 25 ppm TWA; 90 mg/m3 TWA 1,2-Butylene oxide: No OSHA Vacated PELs are listed for this chemical. Nitromethane: 100 ppm TWA; 250 mg/m3 TWA
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles.
Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.
Respirators: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

Section 9 - Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State: Liquid
Appearance: colorless
Odor: Sweet, mild chloroform-like.
pH: Not applicable.
Vapor Pressure: 100 mm Hg @ 20 deg C
Vapor Density: 4.55 (air=1)
Evaporation Rate:1.0 (carbon tetrachloride=1)
Viscosity: 0.86 cP @ 20 deg C
Boiling Point: 74 deg C
Freezing/Melting Point:-33 deg C
Decomposition Temperature:> 260 deg C
Solubility: Insoluble.
Specific Gravity/Density:1.338 (water=1)
Molecular Formula:C2H3Cl3
Molecular Weight:133.38

Section 10 - Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Because of 1,1,1-TCE's reactivity with magnesium, aluminum, & their alloys, inhibitors (like 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, isobutyl alcohol, or nitroethane) are often added to increase the stability of the solvent & prevent corrosion of metal parts. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane reacts slowly with water to produce hydrochloric acid.
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, ignition sources, moisture, confined spaces.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, aluminum, magnesium, chemically active metals.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, chlorine, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

Section 11 - Toxicological Information

RTECS#:      
CAS# 71-55-6: KJ2975000      
CAS# 123-91-1: JG8225000      
CAS# 106-88-7: EK3675000      
CAS# 75-52-5: PA9800000
LD50/LC50:
CAS# 71-55-6:
     Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 mg Mild;
     Draize test, rabbit, eye: 2 mg/24H Severe;
     Draize test, rabbit, skin: 5 gm/12D (Intermittent) Mild;
     Draize test, rabbit, skin: 20 mg/24H Moderate;
     Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 3911 ppm/2H;
     Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 29492 ppm/10M;
     Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 17000 ppm/4H;
     Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 14250 ppm/7H;
     Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 20000 ppm/2H;
     Oral, mouse: LD50 = 6 gm/kg;
     Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 5660 mg/kg;
     Oral, rat: LD50 = 9600
CAS# 123-91-1:
     Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 mg Severe;
     Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 mg/24H Moderate;
     Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 37 gm/m3/2H;
     Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 46 gm/m3/2H;
     Oral, mouse: LD50 = 5300 mg/kg;
     Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 2 gm/kg;
     Oral, rat: LD50 = 4200 mg/kg;
     Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 7600 uL/kg;
.

CAS# 106-88-7:
     Draize test, rabbit, eye: 100 mg/24H Moderate;
     Draize test, rabbit, skin: 500 mg/24H Mild;
     Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 6300 mg/m3/4H;
     Oral, rat: LD50 = 500 mg/kg;
     Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 2100 uL/kg;
.

CAS# 75-52-5:
     Oral, mouse: LD50 = 950 mg/kg;
     Oral, rat: LD50 = 940 mg/kg;
.

Carcinogenicity:
CAS# 71-55-6: Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65.
CAS# 123-91-1:

• ACGIH: A3 - Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans
  
• California: carcinogen, initial date 1/1/88
  
• NTP: Suspect carcinogen
  
• IARC: Group 2B carcinogen